Fun Facts About the Channel Tunnel

The  Channel Tunnel  is an underwater rail tunnel that runs beneath the English Channel, connecting Folkestone, Kent in the United Kingdom to Coquelles, Pas-de-Calais in France. It is more colloquially known as the Chunnel.   The Channel Tunnel officially opened on May 6, 1994. An engineering feat, the Channel Tunnel is an impressive piece of infrastructure. Over 13,000 skilled and unskilled workers were hired to build the Channel Tunnel. Do you know how much a ticket through the tunnel costs? How long are the tunnels? And what does rabies have to do with the history of the Channel Tunnel? Learn how to answer these questions with this list of interesting and fun facts about the tunnel. How Many Tunnels The Channel Tunnel consists of three tunnels: two running tunnels carry the trains and a smaller, middle tunnel is used as a service tunnel. Cost of Fare The cost of tickets to use the Channel Tunnel varies depending on what time of day you go, the day and the size of your vehicle. In 2010, prices for a standard car ranged from  £49 to  £75 (about $78 to $120). You can book travel online. Channel Tunnel Dimensions The Channel Tunnel is 31.35 miles long, with 24 of those miles located under water. However, since there are three tunnels that travel from Great Britain to France, with many small tunnels that connect the three main ones, the total tunnel length is about 95 miles worth of tunnel. It takes a total of 35 minutes to travel across the Channel Tunnel, from  terminal  to terminal. The running tunnels, the two tunnels on which the trains run, are 24-feet in diameter. The northern running tunnel carries passengers from England to France. The southern running tunnel carries passengers from France to England. Cost of Construction Although at first estimated at $3.6 billion, the Channel Tunnel project came in way over budget at over $15 billion when finished. Rabies One of the biggest fears about the Channel Tunnel was the potential spread of rabies. In addition to worrying about invasions from the European mainland, the British were worried about rabies. Since Great Britain had been rabies-free since 1902, they worried that infected animals could come through the tunnel and reintroduce the disease to the island. A lot of design elements were added to the Channel Tunnel to make sure this could not happen. The Drills Each TBM, or tunnel boring machine, used during construction of the Channel Tunnel was 750 feet long and weighed over 15,000 tons. They could cut through the chalk at a rate of about 15 feet per hour. In total, 11 TBMs were needed to build the Channel Tunnel. The Spoil Spoil was the name used for the chunks of chalk removed by the TBMs while digging the Channel Tunnel. Since millions of cubic feet of chalk would be removed during the project, a place had to be found to deposit all this debris. The British Solution to Spoil After much discussion, the British decided to dump their portion of the spoil into the sea. However, so as not to pollute the English Channel with chalk sediment, a gigantic sea wall made of sheet metal and concrete had to be built to keep the chalk debris contained. Since the chunks of chalk were piled higher than sea level, the resulting land that was created totaled about 73 acres and was eventually called Samphire Hoe. Samphire Hoe was seeded with wildflowers and is now a recreation site. The French Solution to Spoil Unlike the British who were concerned about ruining the nearby Shakespeare Cliff, the French were able to take their portion of the spoil and dump it nearby, creating a new hill that was later landscaped. Fire On November 18, 1996, many peoples fears about the Channel Tunnel came true--a fire raged in one of the Channel Tunnels. As a train raced through the southern tunnel, a fire had started on board. The train was forced to stop in the middle of the tunnel, not close to either Britain or France. Smoke filled the corridor and many of the passengers were overwhelmed by the smoke. After 20 minutes, all the passengers were rescued, but the fire continued to rage. The fire managed to do considerable damage to both the train and the tunnel before it was put out. Illegal Immigrants The British were afraid of both invasions and of rabies, but no one had considered that thousands of illegal immigrants would try to use the Channel Tunnel to enter into the United Kingdom. Many additional security devices have had to be installed to try to inhibit and stop this large influx of illegal immigrants.

The Conflict Of Conflict And Conflict - 1533 Words

Once in awhile, people would usually find themselves dealing with struggles and conflicts with others that could create a burden of stress. Conflict is defined as an intense argument and could last for a period of time. Most people would wish to avoid conflict. However, if one has had to deal with it, he could struggle to come up with a good solution. There were three remarkable conflicts that I had with my closest friend, my other half, and my uncle. My friend and I have known each other since eighth grade. We were also neighbor. Every morning of the week days, I would go to his house and we went to school together. We had almost all same classes in high school. It was a few time that he wanted to take Music or Geography and I was†¦show more content†¦When we were walking home, he said with an angry tone you seem to be crazy with that chick. I wouldn t make you choose between me or her but it feels like you already decided I told him that I wouldn t throw away that four years of our friendship. The problem here is your reasons for disliking her are absurd. I don t know why you hate her that much when she has not done anything to you. My friend replied She has not done anything? Good thing she hasn t cuz it annoyed me enough just seeing her face. Hearing what he just said about my girlfriend got me a little heated too. I told him that There you are again with your nonsense talk. I can t stand you anymore. You can walk to school by yourself from now. Later on that day, I thought about what I said to my friend and regretting that I went a little out of line. The next day, I woke up early and came to his house. I waited for about 10 minutes and he had not come out yet. I felt like he was still mad at me. In first period, he came to me and apologized for what he said about my girlfriend the day before. I also apologized to him for my words. We resolved that he would meet my girlfriend to give himself a chance to know her personally and decided whether or not the three of us could hangout together. Good thing my friend realized that he didn t hate my girlfriend as much as he thought. So all three of us talked to each others from that point on. If ever aShow MoreRelatedConflict : Conflict And Conflict1160 Words   |  5 PagesConflict is a problematic situation that occurs between interdependent people who seek different goals or means to those goals. Conflict is inevitable as relationships become clos er, more personal, and more interdependent, more conflicts occur, perceived trivial or minor complaints become more significant, and feelings become more intense. Conflict has many definitions (opposing viewpoints, when opponents engage in battle, going against one another in some fashion, incompatibility between the objectivesRead MoreThe Conflict Of A Conflict967 Words   |  4 PagesWritten Assignment Unit 7 Tell of a conflict that you recently encountered. It could be a conflict at work, in the news, or one involving a personal relationship. After explaining the conflict, choose one of the four presented critical analysis tools from this week, and analyze the situation using the tool. This assignment should be very detailed and specific in terms of how you analyzed the different aspects of the conflict. It should be at least 800 words in length. My friend is racist and itRead MoreConflict Between Conflict And Conflict1700 Words   |  7 Pagesno single, precise definition of the word conflict. However, most people recognize conflict in the forms of tension, frustration, verbal or physical abuse, disagreement, annoyance, or rivalry (Carter and Byrnes, 2006). Conflict can occur when two or more individuals or groups have differing interests. Additionally, conflict often involves one or both sides determinedly interfering with the efforts of the other side to achieve its goals. However, conflict can occur when two sides are trying to cooperateRead MoreConflict Between Conflict And Conflict1330 Words   |  6 Pages For this paper, I chose conflict because it is present in nearly every aspect of life, it is unavoidable, and knowing how to handle it is a valuable tool which I would like to investigate. 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In order to be beneficial, leadersRead MoreConflict Between Conflict And Conflict Management1730 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to our textbook Beebe, Beebe, Ivy (2014), â€Å"interpersonal conflict is a fact of life and eventually all relationships experience conflict† (p. 218). Precisely how the conflict is resolved left up to the involved parties. I am credible because I participated in the following conflict with my mother, analyzed the conflict using the Beebe, Beebe, Ivy (2014) text, and then used the collected information to structure this paper. The central idea of this essay is that people with conflictingRead MoreConflict Between Conflict And Conflict Management84 5 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"People are afraid of conflict because they do not have essential skills to manage it well.† This is true because according to O’Grady and Malloch (2016), conflict is reflection of an insufficient knowledge of the dynamics of conflict and a lack of capability in its management. 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Death Camp Essay Example For Students

Death Camp Essay Steve VoytkoHistory 1110Throughout history, injustices on humanity have been visible. The Jewish Holocaust has to be one of the most prominent. In 1933, the Nazi Party led by Adolf Hitler sanctioned anti-Jew campaigns that included the Nuremberg Laws, which defined the meaning of being Jewish based on ancestry. Because of these laws, Jews were isolated from society. This was only a meager element of what European Jews had yet to endure. Jews were progressively forced out of the German Economy, and their assets were turned over to the German government and the public. With the degradation of the Jewish people came organized demonstrations by the Germans. Businesses were destroyed, synagogues demolished, and nearly a hundred Jews killed. In many ways this was the start of Hitler and his Nazis Aryanization. In a meeting of Hitlers elite officials, the idea of complete annihilation of Jews in Europe was manufactured. In 1938 the Nazis plan for the Jewish people were outlined in The Final Solution. This was a plan that included deportation, exploitation, and eventually extermination of European Jews. Derivations from The Final Solution were concentration and death camps of Germany and Poland and other parts of Nazi controlled Europe. In September 1939, Germany invaded western Poland. Jews that remained in German controlled territories were taken to ghettos and/or concentration camps that were set up to alienate Jews from the rest of the public. The quality of living included lack of food, sanitation, as well as malice from the Nazi guards. Jews were required to wear Yellow Stars of David on the sleeves of their clothes. A Jew could be killed with little consequence for not displaying this tattoo of damnation for all to see. Thousands of prisoners in concentration camps died simply of expo sure to disease and starvation. Josef Mengle, also known as The Angel of Death, performed callous experiments on twins, dwarves and other genetically diverse subjects in hopes of advancing and breeding the so-called Aryan Race of perfect Germans for Hitler. Those Jews, shunned less fortunate, usually women, children, and the elderly, were escorted to gas chambers, firing squads. Other able-bodied men were transformed into laborious workers. Over three million Jewish Europeans were sentenced to die in concentration and death camps. One of the more infamous of these was Auschwitz where it is said that over one million Jews alone died wrongfully.In 1945, World War II came to an end with the Axis powers surrendering before the Allied invasion of Europe. When the Allies liberated the camps in Germany, Poland, and other areas that were Nazi controlled, what they found was piles of decaying bodies lying in pits and in sheds. For the vicious atrocities carried out by some of Hitlers preeminent officers, dozens were killed or imprisoned. A multi-national allied group of men held trials where the guilty were hung, imprisoned for life, and only three were acquitted for the crimes they were accused with. Over the next few years other trials were held and hundreds of Nazis were successfully convicted of crimes committed in wartime.The Holocaust was one of the most famous events in modern history. Tadeusz Borowski wrote a book about his encounters and daily activities as a captive in a Nazi prison. He tells about the harshness experienced by him and his fellow Jews. His poetic style makes the book somewhat interesting and is informal for such a horrific instance that happened more than 50 years ago. On July 1, 1951 Borowski committed suicide at the age of 29 and not only did he take his life, but he took possibly one of Polands greatest poets. .u8b727c1899e9fd79bc53a9f0d8c632bf , .u8b727c1899e9fd79bc53a9f0d8c632bf .postImageUrl , .u8b727c1899e9fd79bc53a9f0d8c632bf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8b727c1899e9fd79bc53a9f0d8c632bf , .u8b727c1899e9fd79bc53a9f0d8c632bf:hover , .u8b727c1899e9fd79bc53a9f0d8c632bf:visited , .u8b727c1899e9fd79bc53a9f0d8c632bf:active { border:0!important; } .u8b727c1899e9fd79bc53a9f0d8c632bf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8b727c1899e9fd79bc53a9f0d8c632bf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8b727c1899e9fd79bc53a9f0d8c632bf:active , .u8b727c1899e9fd79bc53a9f0d8c632bf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8b727c1899e9fd79bc53a9f0d8c632bf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8b727c1899e9fd79bc53a9f0d8c632bf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8b727c1899e9fd79bc53a9f0d8c632bf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8b727c1899e9fd79bc53a9f0d8c632bf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8b727c1899e9fd79bc53a9f0d8c632bf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8b727c1899e9fd79bc53a9f0d8c632bf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8b727c1899e9fd79bc53a9f0d8c632bf .u8b727c1899e9fd79bc53a9f0d8c632bf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8b727c1899e9fd79bc53a9f0d8c632bf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Motion EssayWith as many differences our societies have today another holocaust will never be allowed by any country. Besides its immorality the holocaust of then was so significant that another instance will not be able to advance to a point where millions of people are executed. The senseless slaughter of millions of innocent people at the hands of Nazi butchers was incited when a man by the name of Adolf Hitler came to rule over Germany. The Nazi wrought terrible death and destruction on Europe in the following years, beginning with Aryanizationand ending with The Final Solution in a maniacal plot to exterminate and purify the human race. This event and it contents should be remembered by all that are human. What had transpired sixty years ago should reflect on future instances where people dont get alone because of the differences they have with one another. Let us leave this as a very tragic time in world history and remember those who were killed needlessly and make life better for those who survived The Living Death. Words/ Pages : 814 / 24